Jammu and Kashmir officially joined India on October 26, 1947, when Maharaja Hari Singh signed the Instrument of Accession. This document paved the way for the princely state's integration into India.
Initially, Maharaja Hari Singh wanted to remain independent and signed a standstill agreement with both India and Pakistan. However, an invasion by tribal militias from Pakistan forced him to seek India's help, leading to the signing of the Instrument of Accession.
On October 22, 1947, tribal militias backed by Pakistan invaded J&K, threatening its sovereignty. This event played a major role in Maharaja Hari Singh's decision to seek India's support.
India agreed to provide military assistance only after J&K joined the Indian Union. Maharaja Hari Singh signed the Instrument of Accession, giving India control over defense, foreign affairs, and communications.
The Instrument of Accession was final and legally binding under the India Independence Act of 1947. It marked Jammu and Kashmir’s irrevocable integration into India.
Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel, India's first Home Minister, played a crucial role in negotiating J&K's accession. His leadership was instrumental in integrating many princely states, including Jammu and Kashmir.
October 26 is now a public holiday in Jammu and Kashmir. It was officially recognized in 2020 to celebrate the region's integration into India.
The date of the signing has been debated. Some historians argue the document was signed on October 25, while others, including British researchers, assert it was on October 26.
The day is seen as a symbol of unity for Jammu and Kashmir with India. However, it has also been a point of contention, with separatist groups in the region opposing the celebration and marking it as a "Black Day".
After the accession, on October 27, 1947, Indian troops were airlifted to Srinagar to defend the region from the invading forces, solidifying India's presence in J&K.